Can you give an example of pet projects? I hear the term a lot and haven't ever seen it well defined. I could have selective memory but most of what I can think of single item funding support for specific regions (infrastructure, or similar) or programs that will bring jobs to a specific place, often tied to getting that rep to vote yes on a larger bill. Is that what they are referring to? There's always the weird small money studies that get funded but there's generally a handful and they are pennies in comparison.
Yes, that is what pet projects are. The issue is that many of these pet projects are worthy, and many are not. But, instead of congress voting on worthiness, they are earmarked to larger bills and ignored by all except the incumbent that benefits from them. Each project seems like nothing in a trillion dollar budget but the enormity of how many there are can have an impact.
This website goes into detail on this system.
https://www.cagw.org/
Some probable waste examples. Or, even if not "waste" there really isn't a reason that much of this needs federal funding instead of the local area that benefits funding it:
-to Sens. Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) and Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.) for $1,750,000 for the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, which held net assets of $5 billion in 2023.
-to the 14 members of Congress who received 10 earmarks costing $11,385,000 to fund broadband projects despite the availability of enough money to connect every unserved area of the country.
-to Sens. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) and Collins for a combined $739,000 for opera houses, including $500,000 by Sen. Sanders for the Vergennes Opera House in Vermont and $239,000 by Sen. Collins for the Bangor Opera House in Maine.
-to Rep. Greg Steube (R-Fla.) for $190,000 for a shark repellant study at the Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota, Florida, which had an operating budget of $35,739,237 in 2023.
-to Sen. Cindy Hyde-Smith (R-Miss.) for $500,000 for restoration of a historic gymnasium in Madison, Mississippi.